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Physical Performance and Muscle Physiology

  1. Candow DG, et al. Resistance Exercise and Creatine Supplementation on Fat Mass in Adults < 50 Years of Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 2023.

  2. Hultman E, et al. Muscle creatine loading in men. J Appl Physiol, 1996.

  3. Candow DG, et al. Creatine and strength training in older adults: an update. Transl. exerc. biomed., 2024.

  4. Safdar A, et al. Global and targeted gene expression and protein content in skeletal muscle of young men following short-term creatine monohydrate supplementation. Physiological Genomics, 2008.

  5. Ribeiro F, et al. Timing of Creatine Supplementation around Exercise: A Real Concern? Nutrients, 2021.

  6. Zhang H, et al. Effects of creatine supplementation on muscle strength gains-a meta-analysis and systematic review. PeerJ, 2025.

  7. Tarnopolsky MA, et al. Creatine monohydrate supplementation enhances high-intensity exercise performance in males and females. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 2000.

  8. Devries MC, et al. Creatine supplementation during resistance training in older adults: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2014.

  9. Wax B, et al. Creatine for Exercise and Sports Performance, with Recovery Considerations for Healthy Populations. Nutrients, 2021.

  10. Salem A, et al. Short-term creatine supplementation enhances strength, reduces fatigue, and accelerates recovery in resistance-trained athletes: a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2026. NEW!

  11. Ammar A, et al. Beetroot juice or creatine: which yields greater short-term benefits for resistance training capacity, performance and key physiological responses? Int. Journal of Food Sciences and Nutri., 2026. NEW!