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Physical Performance and Muscle Physiology

  1. Candow DG, et al. Resistance Exercise and Creatine Supplementation on Fat Mass in Adults < 50 Years of Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 2023.

  2. Hultman E, et al. Muscle creatine loading in men. J Appl Physiol, 1996.

  3. Candow DG, et al. Creatine and strength training in older adults: an update. Transl. exerc. biomed., 2024.

  4. Safdar A, et al. Global and targeted gene expression and protein content in skeletal muscle of young men following short-term creatine monohydrate supplementation. Physiological Genomics, 2008.

  5. Ribeiro F, et al. Timing of Creatine Supplementation around Exercise: A Real Concern? Nutrients, 2021.

  6. Zhang H, et al. Effects of creatine supplementation on muscle strength gains-a meta-analysis and systematic review. PeerJ, 2025.

  7. Tarnopolsky MA, et al. Creatine monohydrate supplementation enhances high-intensity exercise performance in males and females. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 2000.

  8. Devries MC, et al. Creatine supplementation during resistance training in older adults: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2014.

  9. Wax B, et al. Creatine for Exercise and Sports Performance, with Recovery Considerations for Healthy Populations. Nutrients, 2021.

  10. Salem A,et al. Short-term creatine supplementation enhances strength, reduces fatigue, and accelerates recovery in resistance-trained athletes: a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2026. NEW!

  11. Ammar A, et al. Beetroot juice or creatine: which yields greater short-term benefits for resistance training capacity, performance and key physiological responses? Int. Journal of Food Sciences and Nutri., 2026. NEW!

  12. Kerksick C, et al. The Emerging and Evolving Evidence Supporting Creatine as an Ergogenic Aid: History and Applications, 2026. NEW!

  13. Silva JV, et al. Creatine monohydrate improved cycling Wingate performance but not cognitive function in young active males and females. Res Sports Med, 2026. NEW!